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The Oxyrhynchus Papyri are a group of manuscripts discovered during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by archaeologists including Bernard Pyne Grenfell and Arthur Surridge Hunt at an ancient rubbish dump near Oxyrhynchus in Egypt (, modern el-Bahnasa). The manuscripts date from the 1st to the 6th century AD. They include thousands of Greek and Latin documents, letters and literary works. They also include a few vellum manuscripts, and more recent Arabic manuscripts on paper (for example, the medieval P. Oxy. VI 1006). The Oxyrhynchus Papyri are currently housed in many institutions all over the world. A substantial number are housed in the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford University. Although the initial hope of finding many of the lost literary works of antiquity at Oxyrhynchus was not realized, many important Greek texts were found at the site. These include poems of Pindar, fragments of Sappho and Alcaeus, along with larger pieces of Alcman, Ibycus, and Corinna. There were also extensive remains of the ''Hypsipyle'' of Euripides, fragments of the comedies of Menander, and a large part of the ''Ichneutae'' of Sophocles.〔Sophocles' ''Ichneutae'' was adapted, in 1988, into a play entitled ''The Trackers of Oxyrhynchus'', by British poet and author Tony Harrison, featuring Grenfell and Hunt as main characters.〕 Also found were the oldest and most complete diagrams from Euclid's ''Elements''. Fragments of Euclid discovered lead to a re-evaluation of the accuracy of ancient sources for ''The Elements'', revealing that the version of Theon of Alexandria has more authority than previously believed; according to Thomas Little Heath. Another important find was the historical work known as the ''Hellenica Oxyrhynchia'', whose author is unknown but may be Ephorus or, as many currently think, Cratippus. A life of Euripides by Satyrus the Peripatetic was also unearthed, while an ''epitome'' of seven of the 107 lost books of Livy was the most important literary find in Latin. The classical author who has most benefited from the finds at Oxyrhynchus is the Athenian playwright Menander (342–291 BC), whose comedies were very popular in Hellenistic times and whose works are frequently found in papyrus fragments. Menander's plays found in fragments at Oxyrhynchus include ''Misoumenos'', ''Dis Exapaton'', ''Epitrepontes'', ''Karchedonios'', ''Dyskolos'' and ''Kolax''. The works found at Oxyrhynchus have greatly raised Menander's status among classicists and scholars of Greek theatre. There is an on-line table of contents briefly listing the type of contents of each papyrus or fragment.〔(Search by table of contents ); A listing of what each fragment contains.〕 ==Theological manuscripts== (詳細はcanonical Gospels, ''Oxyrhynchus 840'' (3rd century AD) and ''Oxyrhynchus 1224'' (4th century AD). Other Oxyrhynchus texts preserve parts of ''Matthew 1'' (3rd century: ''P2'' and ''P401''), 11–12 and 19 (3rd to 4th century: ''P2384,'' ''2385''); ''Mark 10–11'' (5th to 6th century: ''P3''); ''John 1'' and ''20'' (3rd century: ''P208''); ''Romans 1'' (4th century: ''P209''); the ''First Epistle of John'' (4th-5th century: ''P402''); the ''Apocalypse of Baruch'' (chapters 12–14; 4th or 5th century: ''P403''); the Gospel according to the Hebrews (3rd century AD: ''P655''); ''The Shepherd of Hermas'' (3rd or 4th century: ''P404''), and a work of Irenaeus, (3rd century: ''P405''). There are many parts of other canonical books as well as many early Christian hymns, prayers, and letters also found among them. All manuscripts classified as "theological" in the Oxyrhynchus Papyri are listed below. A few manuscripts that belong to multiple genres, or genres that are inconsistently treated in the volumes of the Oxyrhynchus Papyri, are also included. For example, the quotation from Psalm 90 (P. Oxy. XVI 1928) associated with an amulet, is classified according to its primary genre as a magic text in the Oxyrhynchus Papyri; however, it is included here among witnesses to the Old Testament text. In each volume that contains theological manuscripts, they are listed first, according to an English tradition of academic precedence (see Doctor of Divinity). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Oxyrhynchus Papyri」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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